What is an Ecomuseum? Origins, characteristics, and benefits

The term "ecomuseum" was coined by Georges Henri Rivière in the 1950s, although it wasn't officially employed until 1971. This type of museum originated in France in the 1970s alongside its definition, proposed by Henri Rivière and Hugues de Varine. Fundamental differences between traditional museums and ecomuseums stand out: from collection to heritage, from building to territory, and from visitors to community.
It's worth noting the role of the Chinese school in defining ecomuseum. Su Donghai has synthesized the work carried out with Chinese and Norwegian museologists since the early 1990s, resulting in the nine principles of Liuzhi. These have become a valuable guide for the management and development of ecomuseums, highlighting the importance of community participation and connection with the territory.

Inspired by these innovative visions, ecomuseums stand out for their participatory and community-focused approach. More than mere custodians of collections, they immerse themselves in communities' daily lives, embracing landscapes, buildings, oral traditions, and everyday practices. The community's life becomes the exhibition, and every corner of the environment becomes a museum piece.
While the classical museum is a conservator centralized in its architecture, the ecomuseum transcends the idea of building and features programs, itineraries, stations, and laboratories scattered throughout the surrounding territory, linked to that anthropological and social framework.
Ecomuseums offer a unique advantage in preserving cultural heritage in a participatory manner. One of the key ideas around this type of museum is that the inhabitants of villages are the owners of their own culture, and the welfare and social development of the population are indispensable requirements for its creation.

As we move through the 21st century, ecomuseums will evolve to embrace technology and globalization. There are around 300 ecomuseums worldwide, and nearly 200 are in Europe alone, each with unique characteristics. Global collaboration among these institutions could lead to networks of interconnected ecomuseums, sharing and celebrating cultural diversity globally.
In the context of the current climate crisis and the challenges it presents, ecomuseums emerge as key players. They not only fulfil the valuable function of preserving cultural heritage but also emerge as powerful educational tools and agents of change.
By connecting with the specific challenges of each territory, these museums offer a space to reflect on local solutions and promote environmental awareness. Integrating the climate crisis into the narrative of ecomuseums strengthens their relevance in contemporary society by directly addressing ecological challenges and contributing to constructing a more sustainable reality.
In conclusion, ecomuseums represent an exciting fusion of history, community, and the environment. After a journey of over 50 years, these unique museums are ready to adapt and continue to be beacons of culture in a constantly changing world.