Ephemeral Architecture: Experimentation for a Changing World

Ephemeral architecture is a form of design characterized by its temporality and ability to transform space temporarily. Unlike conventional architecture, which seeks to endure over time, ephemeral architecture is conceived with a specific purpose and a limited duration.

Events, exhibitions, artistic installations, and ceremonies often use this type of design. As an exception to this rule, we can also consider ephemeral architecture as constructions that are accidentally made and, due to their constructive characteristics, last a short time; their ephemeral character is not intentional.

It is essential to distinguish between what constitutes ephemeral architecture and what does not. While temporary installations designed for events, exhibitions, and commercial spaces are considered ephemeral architecture, permanent or semi-permanent structures, such as permanent exhibition pavilions or standard commercial buildings, are not.

1. Temporality: The main characteristic of ephemeral architecture is its temporary nature. Structures and elements designed for this purpose are intended to exist only for a specific period, after which they are dismantled or disposed of. This period can range from a few days to even a few years.

2. Flexibility Ephemeral architecture requires high flexibility in its design and construction. It must adapt to different spaces and situations and allow for easy installation and dismantling.

3. Innovation: This field's constant exploration of new techniques and materials is fundamental. Ephemeral architecture designers often explore emerging technologies and sustainable materials to create innovative structures. Another strength of this type of architecture is that it allows for experimentation to a much greater degree than permanent constructions.

4. Spectator Experience: Ephemeral architecture focuses on the spectator's experience. Temporary structures are designed to create an emotional and sensory impact on visitors, as they are born with specific purposes that are often promotional or educational.

5. Tight Costs: Due to its temporary nature, it is expected to use less durable materials to obtain a good value for money. Seeking economic savings does not mean they are less complex, as a temporary structure often must accommodate many people and therefore support a lot of weight inside.

Temporarily, this has been a constant part of architecture's history. It has been used in many social contexts, from specific events to nomadic lifestyles, through the need to adapt to a society that reveres change. Ephemeral architecture has manifested itself in various ways over the centuries, from celebrations and festivals to emergencies and temporary needs.

Ephemeral architecture was commonly used in Antiquity in celebrations and festivities, serving as scenery or decoration for specific events that were later dismantled. Its use dates back to the earliest traces of humanity and persists today as a versatile and low-cost architectural expression. A good example is the Triumphal Arches, designed to receive and legitimize many monarchs over time. There is evidence that various Triumphal Arches were erected in a fleeting way for specific celebrations from Antiquity until well into the 19th century.

During the Renaissance and Baroque periods, ephemeral architecture flourished in European courts, embellishing celebrations and social events. Since then, this form of design has evolved and adapted to other uses and technological advances, maintaining its relevance and ability to surprise and captivate. Did you know the Eiffel Tower was built in 1899 to last only 20 years? The admiration it caused led to its maintenance and becoming Paris's great icon.

Museums are ideal places for applying ephemeral architecture, as they allow designers to experiment and unleash all their creativity in a cultural context without the restrictions of permanent architecture.

These constructions allow museums to reinvent themselves and remain relevant in a constantly changing world. By integrating temporary and experimental elements into their design, museums can create dynamic and memorable experiences for their visitors.

• Temporary exhibitions: Structures to house temporary or travelling exhibitions, which can change regularly to maintain visitor interest. Partition walls, showcases, and structures to house artworks or partial recreations of buildings are some typical examples of these cases.

• Artistic installations: Interactive spaces that allow visitors to explore and actively participate in the exhibition. Models, audiovisual and immersive installations are other examples.

• Special events: Using ephemeral structures for special events such as openings, conferences, or educational programs.

Ephemeral structures can transform any space into a relevant stage by integrating innovative concepts, advanced technology, and a user-centred approach.

With increasing environmental awareness and the emergence of new global needs, architects have been able to present surprising responses to all kinds of problems for decades. A good example is Shigeru Ban, who can devise shelters against natural disasters or huge commercial pavilions using ephemeral architecture as a solution.

Within the cultural sphere, ephemeral architecture is a dynamic means of expression capable of anticipating rapid social, technological, and cultural changes. In a world where innovation and creativity are increasingly valued, ephemeral architecture will continue to play a crucial role in storytelling and creating experiences.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

WikiArquitectura (n.d.) Japan Pavilion Expo 2000 in Hannover. Available at: https://es.wikiarquitectura.com/edificio/pabellon-de-japon-expo-2000-en-hannover/ [Accessed 14 March 2024].

Sanz Barberán, M. (2028) Ephemeral architecture in the triumphal entries of Charles V in Italy and Spain (1526-1541). University of Zaragoza. Available at: https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/69549/files/TAZ-TFG-2018-126.pdf [Accessed 14 March 2024].

Shigeru Ban Architects (2024) Shigeru Ban. Available at: https://shigerubanarchitects.com/ [Accessed 14 March 2024].

Valiente Rico, J. and García Aguilera, A. (2019) Art and ceremonial in the court of Charles V. Transcendence and later influence. Centro Virtual Cervantes. Available at: https://cvc.cervantes.es/literatura/carolvs/carolvs_02/44_valientegarcia.htm [Accessed 14 March 2024].

Villasuso Fernández, L. M. (2008) Ephemeral triumphal arches erected in the city of A Coruña for the monarchs who visited it in the second half of the 19th century. ResearchGate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286166838_Arcos_de_triunfo_efimeros_erigidos_en_la_ciudad_de_A_Coruna_para_los_monarcas_que_la_visitaron_en_la_segunda_mitad_del_siglo_XIX/fulltext/56668fb708ae192bbf928649/Arcos-de-triunfo-efimeros-erigidos-en-la-ciudad-de-A-Coruna-para-los-monarcas-que-la-visitaron-en-la-segunda-mitad-del-siglo-XIX.pdf [Accessed 14 March 2024].